ICP-MS在土壤元素污染评价中的应用

以云浮黄铁矿矿石作原料的某硫酸厂堆渣场土壤剖面为研究对象, 应用ICP-MS同时测定了污染元素和部分参考元素的含量，快速找出各元素的相关性，用富集因子评价了土壤的污染状态，并指出了污染元素的背景选择问题。结果表明：V已呈显著及高度污染，Co呈中度污染，并有显著污染的倾向，Cr, Mo和Cd在轻度和中度污染之间，Zn和Sb呈轻度污染，并有中度污染的潜在危险，Cu呈轻度污染。富集的高位点V和Cr在土壤剖面的上部(4.0～10. 5 cm)和深部(44.0～75. 5 cm)，Co和Mo集中在土壤剖面表面(0～5.0 cm)、中上部(9.5～10.5 cm)和中部(29.5～46.0 cm)，Cd和Cu集中在土壤剖面中部(29.5～46.0 cm)。高富集点的污染来自于以花岗岩为母质的亚热带强风化红壤的残余金属离子的淋溶淀积和堆渣场废渣中释放的金属元素在土壤中的迁移累积相互叠加的结果。其中V污染主要为土壤母质贡献，其次是硫酸生产过程失活催化剂挥发引入废渣的V淋溶淀积。

Application of ICP-MS in Evaluating Element Contamination in Soils

The Yunfu pyrite was the second biggest pyrite bed in the world.Plants using industrial ore of the Yunfu pyrite are distributed in many sections across the country.In the present paper,elements V,Cr,Co,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd,Sb,Rb and Cs in soil profiles in slag disposing area of a sulfuric acid plant using industrial ore of theYunfu pyrite were studied.A method for simultaneously determination of metals and some reference elements in soils by ICP-MS was developed.The correlations between the metals and their reference elements were fast found.Enrichment factors were applied for evaluating the degree of soil contamination,and the problem about choosing contamination elements background values was pointed out.The results indicated that element V showed apparent and serious pollution,The Co showed middle degree pollution,and there has been a trend of apparent pollution.The Cr,Mo and Cd showed pollution between light degree and middle degree.The Zn and Sb showed light degree pollution,and there was a latent trend of middle degree pollution.The Cu showed light degree pollution.The high enrichment points of the V and the Cr were observed in the upper part(4.0-10.5 cm) and deep part of soil profiles(44.0-75.5 cm).Those of Co and Mo were found in the surface of soil profiles(0-5.0 cm),middle-upper part(9.5-10.5 cm) and middle part(29.5-46.0 cm),while those of Cd and Cu occurred just in the middle of soil profiles(29.5-46.0 cm).The formation of highly enrichment points of contamination elements in the soil profiles was the result of leaching and accumulating effect of the metals released from slag and the residual metals of highly weathered red soils.Most of pollution of V in the soil was contributed by the V in soil bed.Part of the V pollution in the soil was supplied by leaching and accumulating effect of the V which came from catalyst with lost activity in sulfuric acid production volatilizing into slag.