风洞中灰尘在不同特性玻璃表面上粘附形貌和粘附程度的实验研究

为探究室外环境中玻璃上灰尘的形貌特征和粘附程度，本研究选择三种生活中常见的玻璃安装的角度以及三种不同特性的玻璃，利用风洞实验可控环境条件和实验参数的特性，通过工业相机拍摄得到灰尘在玻璃上的粘附形态．本方法解决了过去玻璃积灰实验周期长、难定量、误差大的问题，并利用改进的区域自适应阈值图像识别算法，分别得到不同角度下玻璃上灰尘的总数、灰尘粒径大小、不同粒径灰尘的占比、灰尘平均长轴长度等．结果表明：相同时间内，同种角度下没有涂层的玻璃比有涂层的玻璃更易吸附灰尘，且没有涂层玻璃上面积较大的灰尘更不容易脱落．同种玻璃，放置角度越大，灰尘数量越多．同种玻璃上颗粒物面积大于15 μm2灰尘颗粒数量占灰尘总数的41.9 %左右．所有实验组玻璃上的灰尘平均长轴长度均在11~18 μm之间，灰尘的长宽比均分布在1.34 上下．此项研究可为定量研究玻璃积灰奠定基础，并为工业领域中玻璃防尘、除灰技术等提供技术参考．

Experimental Study of Adhesion Morphology Features and the Degree of Adhesion of Dusts on Glass Surfaces of Different Characteristics in a Wind Tunnel

In order to explore the morphological characteristics and the degree of adhesion of dusts on glass in outdoor environment, three angles and three different types of glass were selected in this study. With the conditions of controllable environmental and quantitative experimental parameters, which are big advantages of wind tunnel experiment, the adhesive morphology of dust on glass was obtained by industrial camera. This method solves the problems of long cycle, difficulty in quantification and large error in the experiments of dust adhesion on glass. The total amount of dust, dust particle size, dust proportion of different particle size and average length of long axis on three kinds of glass were obtained respectively by the improved local adaptive threshold image recognition algorithm. The results show that in the same time, the uncoated glass is easier to adhere dust than the coated glass at the same angle, and the larger area of dust on the coated glass is less likely to fall off. For the same glass, the larger the angle, the more the dust adhere. On the same glass, the amount of dust with dust area greater than 15 μm2 accounts for about 41.9 % of the total dust. The average length of the long axis of dust on the glass of all the experimental groups was between 11~18 μm. The aspect ratio of dust is around 1.34. This research can lay a foundation for the quantitative study of dust adhesion on glass and provide reference for the glass dust prevention and dust removal technology.