The effect of interaction time and saturation of rock on specific energy in ND:YAG laser perforating |
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| Authors: | M. Ahmadi M.R. Erfan M.J. Torkamany Gh.A. Safian |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mining Engineering, Rock Mechanics Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Iranian National Center for Laser Science and Technology, P.O. Box 14665-576, Tehran, Iran;3. National Iranian South Oil Company, Ahwaz, Iran;1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan;2. Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;3. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan;4. Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan;1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China;2. Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin 300308, China;3. Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai 201800, China;4. Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;5. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China |
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| Abstract: | Laser perforating in oil and gas wells is a new scientific approach to the generation of uniform holes at a selected pitch to increasing the permeability of rocks. The influence of laser irradiation time and rock saturation by water and heavy oil on the specific energy, the energy required to remove the unit weight of rock, used during Nd:YAG laser perforating. The results show that an increase in the laser irradiation time increases the depth of the rock hole as well as the specific energy used, with a nonlinear relationship. Here, the estimated equation of rate of penetration as a function of the specific energy (SE) is free from saturation effects. The type of saturation influences the specific energy; the amount of SE required for water saturated samples is more than that required for the heavy oil saturated samples, and heavy oil saturated samples needed more SE than the dry samples. |
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