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Flow-through immunomagnetic separation system for waterborne pathogen isolation and detection: Application to Giardia and Cryptosporidium cell isolation
Authors:Qasem Ramadan  Lay Christophe  William Teo  Li ShuJun  Feng Han Hua
Affiliation:Bioelectronics Program, Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685, Singapore
Abstract:Simultaneous sample washing and concentration of two waterborne pathogen samples were demonstrated using a rotational magnetic system under continuous flow conditions. The rotation of periodically arranged small permanent magnets close to a fluidic channel carrying magnetic particle suspension allows the trapping and release of particles along the fluidic channel in a periodic manner. Each trapping and release event resembles one washing cycle.The performance of the magnetic separation system (MSS) was evaluated in order to test its functionality to isolate magnetic-labelled protozoan cells from filtered, concentrated tap water, secondary effluent water, and purified water. Experimental protocols described in US Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 which rely on the use of a magnetic particle concentrator, were applied to test and compare our continuous flow cell separation system to the standard magnetic bead-based isolation instruments. The recovery efficiencies for Giardia cysts using the magnetic tube holder and our magnetic separation system were 90.5% and 90.1%, respectively, from a tap water matrix and about 31% and 18.5%, respectively, from a spiked secondary effluent matrix. The recovery efficiencies for Cryptosporidium cells using the magnetic tube holder and our magnetic separation system were 90% and 83.3%, respectively, from a tap water matrix and about 38% and 36%, respectively, from a spiked secondary effluent matrix. Recoveries from all matrices with the continuous flow system were typically higher in glass tubing conduits than in molded plastic conduits.
Keywords:USEPA, US Environmental Protection Agency   IMS, Immunomagnetic separation   MSS, Magnetic separation system   ts1, The time required for the particle to travel to and be retained at the first trapping zone   T0, The time required for a particle to travel through the entire fluidic channel and reach the separation chamber without any influence of magnetic force   Tm, The time required for a magnetic particle to travel through the entire fluidic channel and reach the separation chamber with the present of magnetic force effect from the magnet array   tSn, The time required for a magnetic particle to travel between two adjacent trapping zones   PC, Poly carbonate   PBS, Phosphate buffered saline   S1, Syringe 1   S2, Syringe 2   S3, Syringe 3   V1, Valve 1   V2, Valve 2   V3, Valve3   Pi1, Fluidic inlet 1   Pi2, Fluidic inlet 2   Pi3, Fluidic inlet 3   MA, Magnetic assembly (see supplementary materials)   SM, Separation magnet (see supplementary materials)
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