Deformational methods of material nanostructuring: Premises,history, state of the art,and prospects

Brief history of origin and development of methods of deformational nanostructuring of materials (DNM) also referred to as methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) are presented. Principles and efficiencies of the most widespread DNM methods — torsion under quasi-hydrostatic pressure (THP), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), and hydrostatic isothermal forging (HIF) — are analyzed. Results of pioneer research of the structure and properties of nanomaterials produced by these methods are given. Prospects for the DNM application in industrial technologies of metal treatment and product manufacturing are indicated. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 47–59, May, 2008.