High-throughput analytical strategy with combined planar and column liquid chromatography for improvement of the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with a high alkaloid content |
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Authors: | Z Szucs B Szabady M Szatmáry G Cimpan Sz Nyiredy |
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Institution: | (1) Research Institute for Medicinal Plants, 4 Lupaszigeti Street, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary;(2) Analytical Chemistry Department, Babes-Balyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany János Street, S400 Cluj Napoca, Romania |
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Abstract: | Summary Poppy capsules with a high alkaloid content are of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry, because approximately
35 000 tons of straw (capsule with short stem), 350 tons of straw concentrate, and 1000 tons of opium are used annually for
extraction of morphinane alkaloids.
The combined use of four different liquid chromatographic methods is proposed for determination of alkaloid content. In the
first, semi-quantitative, method screening is performed by multilayer overpressured-layer chromatography (MLOPLC) in which
142 samples are separated on silica as stationary phase within 5 s per sample. If the morphine content is >1.3% it is then
measured quantitatively by NPHPTLC (normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography) combined with densitometric evaluation.
A second, quantitative, determination is always performed by means of a rapid RPHPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography) method in which the separation time is less than 4 min per sample. If the difference between the alkaloid
content measured by use of the last two methods is >12% a confirmatory RPHPLC method with increased selectivity and analysis
time (15 min) must be used.
The high throughput strategy presented has been used for analysis of ca. 15 000 samples per year, per genotype. Systematic
selection, cross-breeding, and this analytical strategy with combined planar and column liquid chromatographic methods resulted
in the discovery of two new candidate cultivars with high morphine (ca. 2%) and thebaine (ca. 1.5%) content.
Presented at Balaton Symposium '01 on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 2–4, 2001. |
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Keywords: | Column liquid chromatography Thin-layer chromatography High-throughput analysis Overpressured-layer chromatography Morphinane alkaloids Papaver somniferum |
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