Slow granular flows: The dominant role of tiny fluctuations |
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Institution: | Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | What mechanism governs slow flows of granular media? Microscopically, the grains experience enduring frictional contacts in these flows. However, a straightforward translation to a macroscopic frictional rheology, where the shear stresses are proportional to the normal stresses with a rate-independent friction coefficient, fails to capture important aspects of slow granular flows. There is now overwhelming evidence that agitations, tiny fluctuations of the grain positions, associated with large fluctuation of their contact forces, play a central role for slow granular flows. These agitations are generated in flowing regions, but travel deep inside the quiescent zones, and lead to a nonlocal rheology. |
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Keywords: | Slow granular flows Rheology Nonlocal models Agitations Écoulements granulaires lents Rhéologie Modèles non locaux Agitation granulaire |
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