Parabolic equation formulation via a singular perturbation technique and its application to scattering from irregular surfaces

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the solution of the Helmholtz equation under forward-scattering or propagation conditions is sought as a uniform asymptotic perturbation expansion using the method of multiple scales. It is then shown that the parabolic wave equation (PWE) solution is the zeroth-order term in this expansion. In the second part, the electric-field integral equation and the magnetic-field integral equation, derived under the PWE approximation, are solved for surface currents induced on a sinusoidal surface. The scattered fields produced by these currents are then calculated using the appropriate radiation integrals. Results are compared to those obtained using the method of ordered multiple interactions developed by Kapp and Brown.