The evaporation of Q-balls |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mathematics and Data Science, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China;1. Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics & University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, United States;2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94550, United States;3. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville VA 22903, United States;4. University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, United States;5. University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611, United States;6. University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;1. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan;2. Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan;3. Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan;4. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In extended electroweak models with scalar fields carrying lepton number, it is possible for these fields to form extended objects of the Q-ball sort. In general, these are destabilised by the Yukawa coupling of the scalar to neutrinos. This decay process takes place only on the surface of the object, not in the interior. Thus the Q-balls evaporate away. We set up the general theory of this process, find an absolute upper bound for the evaporation rate, and explicitly compute the rate in a simple case. |
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