水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展

电解液添加剂能有效缓解锌金属阳极的不可控枝晶生长和固有副反应,大幅提升锌金属阳极的循环稳定性和可逆性,对水系锌离子电池的发展和商业化应用具有重要意义。本文通过对近期水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展进行了系统总结和分析,简要介绍了锌金属阳极目前面临的主要挑战及其相关机理,重点阐述了电解液添加剂对锌金属阳极界面的作用机制,包括改变溶剂化结构、调节沉积方式、构筑界面保护层。此外,还对不同类型电解液添加剂进行了分类讨论,包括离子添加剂、无机添加剂和有机添加剂。最后,我们进一步对电解液添加剂策略在提升水系锌离子电池电化学性能中存在的科学问题和未来的研究方向进行了总结与展望。

Research Progress in Electrolyte Additives for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Electrolyte additives can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable dendrite growth and inherent side reactions of zinc-metal anodes, and substantially improve the long-cycle stability and reversibility of zinc-metal anodes, which is important for the development and application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. By exploring and summarizing the recent literatures on electrolyte additives of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, this paper briefly introduces the main challenges currently faced by zinc-metal anodes and their related mechanisms, and focuses on the mechanism of electrolyte additives on the interface of zinc-metal anodes, including changing the solvation structure, regulating the deposition mode, and constructing the interfacial protective layer. Then, different types of additives are also categorized and discussed, including ionic additives, inorganic additives, and organic additives. Finally, we further summarize and prospect the current issues and potential directions of electrolyte additive strategies.