Landau Damping to Partially Locked States in the Kuramoto Model

In the Kuramoto model of globally coupled oscillators, partially locked states (PLS) are stationary solutions that capture the emergence of partial synchrony when the interaction strength increases. While PLS have long been considered, existing results on their stability are limited to neutral stability of the linearized dynamics in strong topology or to specific invariant subspaces (obtained via the so‐called Ott‐Antonsen (OA) ansatz) with specific frequency distributions for the oscillators. In the mean‐field limit, the Kuramoto model shows various ingredients of the Landau damping mechanism in the Vlasov equation. This analogy has been a source of inspiration for stability proofs of regular Kuramoto equilibria. In addition, the major mathematical issue with PLS asymptotic stability is that these states consist of heterogeneous and singular measures. Here we establish an explicit criterion for their spectral stability and prove their local asymptotic stability in weak topology for a large class of analytic frequency marginals. The proof strongly relies on a suitable functional space that contains (Fourier transforms of) singular measures, and for which the linearized dynamics is well under control. For illustration, the stability criterion is evaluated in some standard examples. We confirm in particular that no loss of generality results in assuming the OA ansatz. To the best of our knowledge, our result provides the first proof of Landau damping to heterogeneous and irregular equilibria in the absence of dissipation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.