民机机身结构耐撞性研究的进展与挑战

应急着陆场景下的民机耐撞性与乘员安全直接相关，是民机安全性的重要体现，其中机身结构耐撞性是民机结构强度领域内的研究热点。机身结构耐撞性是复杂的非线性冲击动力学问题，涉及到结构的大变形、断裂失效与动态接触等。运输类飞机适航标准对机身结构耐撞性做出了明确规定，要求通过合理的设计，避免乘员承受过于严酷的冲击载荷，维持客舱内大质量体的有效约束，保持乘员的可生存空间以及维持乘员应急撤离通道的可用等，相关的设计需要通过实验方法或经验证的分析方法进行评估。本文对民机机身结构耐撞性研究中的几个关键问题，如紧固件和机械连接结构的冲击动力学行为，高效吸能元件与吸能结构设计方法，机身结构耐撞性评估的实验与数值方法等近年来的研究情况进行了分析，总结了主要研究进展，并分析了当前研究面临的主要挑战。

Progress and challenge of research on Crashworthiness of civil airplane fuselage structures

The crashworthiness of civil aircraft in emergency landing is directly related to the safety of passengers, which is an important reflection of the safety of civil aircraft. Crashworthiness of airframe structure is a complex nonlinear impact dynamics problem, which involves large deformation, fracture failure and dynamic contact. The airworthiness standards for transport aircraft have clearly stipulated the crashworthiness of airframe structures, requiring reasonable design to avoid the crew from bearing excessively severe impact loads and to maintain the effective restraint of the large mass body in the cabin, to maintain the occupant viable space and the availability of the occupant evacuation channel, the relevant design needs to be evaluated by experimental or validated analytical methods. In this paper, several key problems in the research of crashworthiness of civil aircraft fuselage structure, such as the impact dynamics behavior of fasteners and mechanical connecting structures, the design method of high efficient energy absorbing structures, and the experimental and numerical methods of crashworthiness assessment in recent years are analyzed, the main research progress is summarized, and the main challenges are analyzed.