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Electron correlation: the many-body problem at the heart of chemistry
Authors:Tew David P  Klopper Wim  Helgaker Trygve
Institution:1. Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universit?t Karlsruhe (TH), D‐76128 Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033 Blindern, N‐0315 Oslo, Norway
Abstract:The physical interactions among electrons and nuclei, responsible for the chemistry of atoms and molecules, is well described by quantum mechanics and chemistry is therefore fully described by the solutions of the Schr?dinger equation. In all but the simplest systems we must be content with approximate solutions, the principal difficulty being the treatment of the correlation between the motions of the many electrons, arising from their mutual repulsion. This article aims to provide a clear understanding of the physical concept of electron correlation and the modern methods used for its approximation. Using helium as a simple case study and beginning with an uncorrelated orbital picture of electronic motion, we first introduce Fermi correlation, arising from the symmetry requirements of the exact wave function, and then consider the Coulomb correlation arising from the mutual Coulomb repulsion between the electrons. Finally, we briefly discuss the general treatment of electron correlation in modern electronic-structure theory, focussing on the Hartree-Fock and coupled-cluster methods and addressing static and dynamical Coulomb correlation.
Keywords:electron correlation  Coulomb correlation  Fermi correlation  static and dynamical corelation
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