精神发育迟滞儿童致病原因的初步调查

本文对杭州市三所特殊教育学校的110名精神发育迟滞儿童进行了初步调查,了解了导致他们智力发展迟滞的原因.我们把精神发育迟滞的原因分为出生前的、出生时的和出生后的三类.由于出生前的因素而导致精神发育迟滞的,占被调查总人数的51.89％;由于出生时的因素而导致精神发育迟滞的占被凋查总人数的14.15％;由于出生后的因素(?)而导致精神发育迟滞的占被调查总人数的27.36％;另外还有6.6％属原因不明的.除了对每一个儿童的主要致病原因作了归类统计外,还把造成精神发育迟滞的各种致病因素的频次进行了统计. 本文还讨论了判别精神发育迟滞儿童的指标问题、病原学问题以及早期教育的问题. 最后,在预防和矫治方面,提出了建议.对轻度精神发育迟滞的儿童,可采用特殊教育的方法,通过系统教育和适当训练,激发他们的潜能,使他们成为对社会有用的成员.

Preliminary Investigation on the Causes of Mentally Retarded Children

This paper is a preliminary investigation of 110 mentally retarded children from three schools of special education in Hangzhou. We classify the causes of mental retardation into three groups : pre-natal, natal and post-natal. The percentage dueto the causes of pre-natal is 51.89%; that to the causes of natal is 14.15%; that to the causes of post-natal is 27.36%; and that to other unknown causes is 6.6%. Here the principal causes are statistically classified for each child, and the frequency of each cause is calculated. In this paper the criterion of mental retarded children, their early education and pathogeny are discussed. Finally, it is suggested. that slightly mental retarded children, by means of special education and correspondingly suitable training to excite their potential capability can become useful social members.