Comparative study using Raman microspectroscopy reveals spectral signatures of human induced pluripotent cells more closely resemble those from human embryonic stem cells than those from differentiated cells

Raman microspectroscopy is a non-destructive, label-free optical technique that offers information-rich molecular analysis of living cells. We report here the first Raman spectral study of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and compare their Raman features to those of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and differentiated progeny of hESCs. Raman spectra from 687 cm(-1) to 1073 cm(-1) were collected from living hiPSCs, hESCs and hESCs non-specifically differentiated for 20 days. Spectra of hiPSCs and hESCs were found to be highly similar, and both were distinguishable from differentiated hESCs in terms of relative Raman peak intensities and variances. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectra demonstrated a clear discrimination between hiPSCs and differentiated hESCs. These results suggested that reprogramming returned human somatic cells to a state where the overall cellular composition was similar to that of human embryonic stem cells. Some metabolic differences between the two groups of pluripotent cells could be inferred, however it was unclear whether or not these differences were related to reprogramming.