A velocity dependent effective angle method for calibration of X-probes at low velocities

A velocity dependent effective angle (VDEA) method for the calibration of yaw response of hot-wire X-probes at low flow velocities (0.5–6 m/s) is presented. Comparisons with a full velocity vs. yaw-angle method (Österlund 1999) in a smooth wall channel flow indicate that there is only moderate advantage in using the latter method, which is considerably more laborious. Comparisons with direct numerical simulations (DNS) (Moser et al. 1999) and the more common fixed effective angle method (FEA) show that the VDEA method significantly improves estimates of Reynolds stresses compared to the FEA method.