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Sonosynthesis of spiroindolines using functionalized SBA-15 |
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| Authors: | Ebrahimi Seyyed Mohammad Kareem Abbas Ali Shahbazi-Alavi Hossein Safaei-Ghomi Javad Bakhtiari Atefeh Teymuri Raheleh |
| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 51167, Islamic Republic of Iran ;2.College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq ;3.Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran ; |
| Abstract: | Functionalized SBA-15 (immobilization of Pd on the modified SBA-15) has been used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of spiroindolines by multi-component reactions of isatins, cyclic-1,3-diketones, and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil under ultrasonic irradiation in water. The catalyst has been characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption analysis, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The advantages of this method include the reusability of the catalyst, low catalyst loading, excellent yields in short reaction times and easy separation of products, and use of ultrasonic irradiation as a valuable and powerful technology. |
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