Transfer Matrices and Partition-Function Zeros for Antiferromagnetic Potts Models. I. General Theory and Square-Lattice Chromatic Polynomial |
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Authors: | Jesús Salas Alan D. Sokal |
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Affiliation: | (1) Departamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain;(2) Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York, 10003 |
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Abstract: | We study the chromatic polynomials (= zero-temperature antiferromagnetic Potts-model partition functions) PG(q) for m×n rectangular subsets of the square lattice, with m8 (free or periodic transverse boundary conditions) and n arbitrary (free longitudinal boundary conditions), using a transfer matrix in the Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation. In particular, we extract the limiting curves of partition-function zeros when n, which arise from the crossing in modulus of dominant eigenvalues (Beraha–Kahane–Weiss theorem). We also provide evidence that the Beraha numbers B2,B3,B4,B5 are limiting points of partition-function zeros as n whenever the strip width m is 7 (periodic transverse b.c.) or 8 (free transverse b.c.). Along the way, we prove that a noninteger Beraha number (except perhaps B10) cannot be a chromatic root of any graph. |
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Keywords: | chromatic polynomial chromatic root antiferromagnetic Potts model square lattice transfer matrix Fortuin– Kasteleyn representation Temperley– Lieb algebra Beraha– Kahane– Weiss theorem Beraha numbers |
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