Inorganic Elements in Mytilus galloprovincialis Shells: Geographic Traceability by Multivariate Analysis of ICP-MS Data |
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Authors: | Tiziana Forleo Alessandro Zappi Dora Melucci Martina Ciriaci Francesco Griffoni Simone Bacchiocchi Melania Siracusa Tamara Tavoloni Arianna Piersanti |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;2.Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;3.Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.C.); (F.G.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (T.T.); (A.P.) |
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Abstract: | The international seafood trade is based on food safety, quality, sustainability, and traceability. Mussels are bio-accumulative sessile organisms that need regular control to guarantee their safe consumption. However, no well-established and validated methods exist to trace mussel origin, even if several attempts have been made over the years. Recently, an inorganic multi-elemental fingerprint coupled to multivariate statistics has increasingly been applied in food quality control. The mussel shell can be an excellent reservoir of foreign inorganic chemical species, allowing recording long-term environmental changes. The present work investigates the multi-elemental composition of mussel shells, including Al, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cd, Co, U, Ba, Ni, Pb, Mg, Sr, and Ca, determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry in Mytilus galloprovincialis collected along the Central Adriatic Coast (Marche Region, Italy) at 25 different sampling sites (18 farms and 7 natural banks) located in seven areas. The experimental data, coupled with chemometric approaches (principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis), were used to create a statistical model able to discriminate samples as a function of their production site. The LDA model is suitable for achieving a correct assignment of >90% of individuals sampled to their respective harvesting locations and for being applied to counteract fraud. |
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Keywords: | Mytilus galloprovincialis trace metals ICP-MS mussel traceability chemometrics geographic origin |
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