Relationship of the selectivity effect of aromatic solvents with their electron-donor ability and organic reactant structure in free radical chlorination |
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Authors: | V A Aver’yanov D V Vlasov A A Svechnikova A I Ermakov |
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Institution: | (1) Tula State University, Tula, Russia;(2) Novomoskovsk Institute of Mendeleev University of Chemical Engineering, Novomoskovsk, Russia |
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Abstract: | The effect of several solvents on the selectivity of the free radical chlorination of 1,1-dichloroethane and 1-chloropropane
is studied. The selective action of aromatic solvents on free radical chlorination is explained. This explanation implies
that the process involves solvated chlorine atoms and their donor-acceptor complexes with aromatic molecules (ArH→Cl•) as intermediates. Using the findings of this work and previous studies, the ratios of the rate constants for hydrogen-atom
abstraction from different positions in chloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1-chloropropane, and 2-chloropropane by solvated
chlorine atoms and ArH→-Cl• complexes are determined. The differences in the activation energies of the competitive hydrogenatom abstractions from different
positions in substrates by the ArH→Cl• complexes and solvated chlorine radicals correlate with two HOMO energies of solvent and substrate molecules. The isokinetic
relationship is found for all the systems under study (the isokinetic temperature, 523 K). |
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