Lead-free solder alloys: Thermodynamic properties of the (Au + Sb + Sn) and the (Au + Sb) system |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry/Material Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, PR China |
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Abstract: | The thermodynamic properties of liquid (Au–Sb–Sn) alloys were studied with an electromotive force (EMF) method using the eutectic mixture of KCl/LiCl with addition of SnCl2 as a liquid electrolyte. Activities of Sn in the liquid alloys were measured at three cross-sections with constant molar ratios of Au:Sb = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 with tin in the concentration range between 5 at.% and 90 at.% from the liquidus of the samples up to 1073 K. The integral Gibbs excess energies and the integral enthalpies at 873 K were calculated by Gibbs–Duhem integration. Additionally liquid Au–Sb alloys have been measured at 913 K with the EMF method as no reliable data for the Gibbs excess energies have been found in literature. The eutectic mixture of KCl/LiCl with addition of SbCl3 has been used as an electrolyte for the measurements. The Gibbs excess energies from the (Au + Sb) system were necessary for the integration of the thermodynamic properties of the ternary (Au + Sb + Sn) system. |
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