Perspectives on biomechanical growth and remodeling mechanisms in glaucoma |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;3. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;4. School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;5. Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;6. Division of Geotechnical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;7. Department Integrative Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;8. Department Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;2. School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;3. Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;4. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;5. Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Glaucoma is a blinding diseases in which damage to the axons results in loss of retinal ganglion cells. Experimental evidence indicates that chronic intraocular pressure elevation initiates axonal insult at the level of the lamina cribrosa. The lamina cribrosa is a porous collagen structure through which the axons pass on their path from the retina to the brain. Recent experimental studies revealed the extensive structural changes of the lamina cribrosa and its surrounding tissues during the development and progression of glaucoma. In this perspective paper we review the experimental evidence for growth and remodeling mechanisms in glaucoma including adaptation of tissue anisotropy, tissue thickening/thinning, tissue elongation/shortening and tissue migration. We discuss the existing predictive computational approaches that try to elucidate the potential biomechanical basis of theses growth and remodeling mechanisms and highlight open questions, challenges, and avenues for further development. |
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