| Abstract: | Since it is often necessary or desirable to determine the structures of compounds containing nitrogen directly via the nitrogen atoms, the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as the photoelectron and the Auger-electron spectroscopy (ESCA) of nitrogen are becoming increasingly important. A comparative review of these three methods on the basis of measurement effect, information obtainable, applications, and limitations forms the subject of this article. |
