Quantum-chemical investigation of the mechanism of the sulfonation of pyrrole |
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Authors: | L I Belen’kii I D Nesterov N D Chuvylkin |
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Institution: | (1) N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow |
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Abstract: | A detailed quantum-chemical study of the sulfonation of pyrrole with regard to the effect of the solvent (the model of overlapping
spheres) on the energy characteristics of the formation of the σ-complexes produced during attack on the α-and β-positions
of the heterocycle and their possible transformation paths was made by density functional theory the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method].
The possibility of mutual transformations between the isomeric σ-complexes by α/β-migration of the SO3 is examined. The formation of pyrrolesulfonic acids was studied for the case of the intramolecular rearrangement of the complexes.
Comparison of the activation energies shows that in contrast to the gas-phase reaction the formation of the β-sulfonic acid
is preferred in methylene chloride: the solvation energy of the α-isomer of the σ-complex is higher than the energy for the
transition state of its rearrangement and its product, α-pyrrolesulfonic acid, leading to an increase in the kinetic barrier
and to a decrease of the energy gain on the path to the formation of the latter. The opposite variation of the energy characteristics
on the path to the β-isomer with regard to solvation leads to agreement between the calculated data and the experimentally
observed preferred formation of the β-pyrrolesulfonic acid.
Dedicated to Mikhail Grigor’evich Voronkov.
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Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1647–1654, November, 2006. |
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Keywords: | quantum-chemical calculations B3LYP/6-31G(d) method position selectivity of substitution sulfonation of pyrrole |
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