Isolation and crystallographic characterization of a solid precipitate/intermediate in the preparation of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from nitrile in water

The reactions of 2-, 3-, and 4-cyanopyridine with NaN(3) in the presence of H(2)O and Lewis acid (ZnCl(2)) afford discrete monomer, (2-PTZ)(2)Zn(H(2)O)(2) (1), 3D diamondoid-like network (3-PTZ)(2)Zn (2), and 2D layered network (4-PTZ)Zn(OH)(H(2)O) (3), respectively (PTZ = 5-(pyridyl)tetrazolato). Their solid state structures and natures give new insight into the Sharpless reaction of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole. Interestingly, 2 crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group and its powdered sample is second-harmonic generation active.