Operational features and microwave characteristics of the VircatorII experiment

The Vircator II oscillating virtual-cathode microwave source operates with diode voltages between 600 and 800 kV and diode current between 50 and 120 kA. Maximal microwave output power between 200 and 500 MW is achieved when the diode aspect ratio, cathode surface, charge voltage, and extraction coupling are arranged to simultaneously (1) maximize diode voltage, (2) satisfy magnetic insulation criteria, (3) avoid nonuniform or unstable electron emission, and (4) optimize microwave transmission from the virtual cathode to the launching antenna. Broadband radiation between 0.4 and 5.5 GHz is generated. The central frequency follows the beam plasma frequency. It is tuned by varying the current density with anode-cathode gap adjustments