Synthesen von Moniliformin,einem Mycotoxin mit Cyclobutendion-Struktur

Syntheses of Moniliformin, a Mycotoxine with a Cyclobutenedione Structure Six different routes to 3-hydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1, 2-dione ( 4 ), the free acid of the mycotoxine Moniliformin (=alkali salt of 4 ) are described. A common feature of all pathways is the synthesis of cyclobutanes having the oxidation level 6. Moniliformin precursors which are easily transformed to 4 by acid catalysed hydrolysis include 2+2]-cycloadducts of ketene with tetraalkoxy-olefins, 3,4,4-trialkoxycyclobutenes, derivatives of polyfluorinated cyclobutenes, the brominated 2+2]-cycloadduct of ethyl vinyl ether and dichloroketene, tetrabromocyclobutanone, 2+2]-photocycloadducts of dichlorovinylenecarbonate with dichloroethylenes, and the dimer of chloroketene. The most convenient synthesis via the 2+2]-cycloadduct of tetraethoxyethylene and ketene ( 14b ) is reported in detail and produces 4 in four simple steps in 57% overall yield. In addition, two new syntheses of squaric acid ( 56 ) are described.