Ultrasound monitoring of the cure kinetics of an epoxy resin: Identification,frequency and temperature dependence |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P. O. Box 64, Chéraga 16014, Algiers, Algeria;2. LAUM, CNRS UMR 6613, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France;3. ESEO Group, Angers, France;4. Faculty of Physics, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, DZ-16111 Algiers, Algeria;1. Department of Innovation and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yoto 7-1-2, 321-8585, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan;2. Kohkin Kenkyujo Inc., 175-4 Kanozaki, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-3121, Japan;1. Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;2. Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Sabanci University-Kordsa, Technology Development Zone, Sanayi Mah. Teknopark Blvd. No: 1/1B, Pendik, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey;3. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA;2. LuK USA LLC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA;1. Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;2. School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China |
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| Abstract: | In this paper the monitoring of ultrasonic parameters of a thermosetting resin during an isothermal curing process is described. The ultrasonic properties are studied within the context of the monitoring of composite plate production by resin transfer molding (RTM). These ultrasonic characteristics can be related directly to cure kinetic models. An ultrasonic method, based on the measurement of the elastic constant and associated mechanical loss has been developed to identify the variations of the phase transformation. To study the reaction kinetics, the time dependence of the elastic coefficient is modeled using a Weibull distribution. The approximate time derivative form of this Weibull model makes it possible to find the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the chemical Kamal model. The ultrasonic monitoring of a cooling process was also performed to study the temperature sensitivity after curing. Thanks to experimental measurements of the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation, the power law coefficient variations and their temperature sensitivity can be examined. The resulting viscoelastic Cole-Cole parameters were estimated and a frequency-temperature (f, T) model was proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Ultrasound monitoring Thermosetting resins Weibull distribution Cure kinetics |
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