苦参杀鼠活性成分研究

对苦参杀鼠的生物碱活性成分及其毒性作用进行了系统的研究.采用80%的酸性乙醇提取、氯仿萃取、硅胶柱层析分离等方法从苦参中分离得到5种苦参生物碱单体,经与标准品对照测定mp,IR,MS等方法鉴定分别是槐果碱、苦参碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱.以小鼠为实验动物分别进行毒性测定,试鼠的死亡均集中在48 h内,48 h后无试鼠的死亡现象.在试验剂量范围内,槐果碱和槐定碱引起试鼠死亡的时间最短,均为11 min,而苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱引起试鼠死亡的时间较长,分别为2,4,5 h.这5种生物碱及苦参生物总碱对小鼠的致死中量LD50(经口)分别为123.65,64.01,93.56,85.95,81.00,339.26 mg/kg.苦参碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱的毒性较低,致死中量适宜,可以作为杀鼠剂使用;而槐果碱的致死中量较大,毒性小,不宜作为杀鼠剂使用.苦参生物总碱及5种苦参生物碱单体对试鼠的毒杀表现为胃毒作用,主要作用于试鼠的神经系统.

Study on the active rodencide components of Sophora flavescens Ait

The active components of Sophora flavescens were systematicaUy investigated regarding their killing mouse ability and the toxicity to Mus musculus. From the 80% acid alcohol extract of 5. flavescens, five know alkaloids were extracted by chloroform, and were isolated and identified as sophocarpine, matrine, sophoridine, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine by IR and MS spectroscopic methods and their mp. Toxicity experiment with mice showed that the death of test rats occurred within 48 h and no test rat died after that. The test rat dead time caused by sophocarpine and sophoridine are the shortest, which are 11 min, and that caused by matrine, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine are longer, which are 2, 4 and 5 h respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for mouse (acuta peroral) of 5 alkaloids and total alkaloid from S. flavescens are 123.65, 64.01, 93.56, 85.95, 81.00 and 339.26 mg/kg respectively. Toxicity are lower and LD50 is suitable of matrine, sophoridine, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine and can be used for rodenticide. LD50 of sophocarpine is larger and cannot be used for rodenticide. Five alkaloids and total alkaloid possess a malicious function in stomach for test rat by mainly acting on the nervous system of the mouse.