森林水文生态效益计量评价体系的研究

<正>本文所论述的系统包括三类技术方法:(1)利用电子计算机对现有资料定量分析,以便在一个大的范围内(如一国或一省)建立数学模型,并同林区划分联系起来,(2)到林场或其他森林经营企业作一次考案,以便发展多种用途的林业,(3)建立一个长期固定的实验站,以便观察和记录在不同集水处或一些典型森林群落的森林效益,提供计量和评价的参数。文中分别给出了上述三类技术方法的实例,它们构成了一个计量和评价森林水文生态效益的f完整系统。

STUDIES ON TAKING QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT AND ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OFHYDRO-ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF FORESTS

This paper deals with a system of taking quantitative measurement and economical evaluation of hydro-ecological benefits of forest which consists of three scopes of regional extents and throe categories of technical methods, namely (1) analysing the present data by means of computer DJS-121 to establish mathematical models on a vast scope such as the whole nation or a whole province, which may be combined with the work of forestry zoning in the same scope. An example of Heilongjiang Province is offered in this paper; (2) making an expedition to a tree farm or a forest area for the purpose of developing multiple-use forestry, which must be carried on in place practically, here we put forward an example of Zhuting Forest Area, Zhuzhou County, Hunan Province; (3) setting up a fixed long term experiment station in various small watershed or some typical forest communities, from which scientific parameters of quantitative measurement and economical evaluation can be obtained. Here we hold out some examples such as a forested watershed and a wilderness watershed, as well as a Pinus massoniana stand and a Quercus acutissima stand. It is obvious that they can be mutually complementary and check each other. A forest-soil type is a basic functional unit in taking quantitative measurement and economical evaluation of hydro-ecological benefits of a forest. It is necessary to have a good forest situation along with a deep soil zone to support a satisfactory conservation capacity of water supply in a forest ecosystem. Based on storage capacity of gravitational water with reference to infiltration rate, we grade the forest-soil types into five different grades of conservation capacity of water supply respectively. The differential rent is the economical benefit that the ecological effect of forest brings about to the national economy. And we propose that differential rent be the economical value of ecological regulation quantity of a forest ecosystem. Proceeding from the point of view, we make an economical evaluation of hydro-ecological benefits of some forest-soil types. Finally, we wish to stress the point that there are still a number of problems in this field, and further research should be made in them hence forward.