基于阴离子-石墨嵌层化合物的电化学电容器

石墨可以在高电势下电化学可逆存储阴离子，有望在高电压储能器件中担当正极材料.本文介绍了基于阴离子-石墨嵌层化合物型正极材料的高比能电容器的研究进展，剖析了影响电容器性能的各方面因素，探讨了一系列表征相关电极材料储能机制的方法和手段，揭示了溶剂化效应对阴离子插嵌石墨正极电化学行为的关键性作用.并进一步概述了该种正极材料近年来在新型储能器件-双离子电池中的发展态势，展望了其应用前景和即将面临的潜在问题.

Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Anion-Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Anions can be electrochemically intercalated into a graphite electrode with a reversible capacity as high as 120 mAh·g^-1 at the high potential near 5 V vs. Li/Li⁺. Besides, graphite is environmentally benign, economic and abundant in China. Therefore, graphite is a very promising positive electrode material for asymmetric capacitors using non-aqueous electrolytes. However, the performance of graphite positive electrode is quite sensitive to various affecting factors, such as the compositions of electrolyte solutions, graphite type and ambient temperature, and so on. In the platform of activated carbon/graphite capacitors, the electrochemical behavior of anion-graphite intercalation compounds can be systematically studied by a series of in situ electrochemical techniques. Future development in this type of electrode materials has been anticipated in terms of new electric energy storage devices under different circumstances.