Size-selected, supported clusters: the interaction of carbon monoxide with nickel clusters

We report on the size-dependent chemical reactivity of nickel clusters with up to 30 atoms. Monodispersed Ni₃₀ clusters show a higher reactivity for CO dissociation than Ni₁₁ and Ni₂₀. Under our experimental conditions the smallest nickel clusters (Ni_x, x<4) produce nickelcarbonyl complexes. These results demonstrate that such small clusters are unique for catalytic reactions not only due to their high surface-to-volume ratio but also essentially because of the distinctive properties of different cluster sizes. In addition thermal desorption spectroscopy of CO shows that on average four molecules are weakly adsorbed per Ni₁₁ at saturation coverage. Using an isotopic mixture of ¹²CO and ¹³CO, infrared spectroscopy reveals the existence of a vibrational coupling interaction between the four COs. A semi-classical model of interacting dipoles is applied to correlate the observed vibrational frequency shifts with the arrangement of the COs on the cluster. This simple analysis favors a three-dimensional structure for the deposited clusters. Received: 23 March 1998/Accepted: 25 August 1998