Neuroprotective Effect and Antioxidant Potency of Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Root Extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in Mice |
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Authors: | Chul-Joong Kim Hyeon-Yeol Ryu Somin Lee Han-Joo Lee Yoon-Soek Chun Jong-Kyu Kim Chang-Yeon Yu Bimal Kumar Ghimire Jae-Geun Lee |
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Institution: | 1.Research Institute of Biotechnology, HwajinBioCosmetics CO., LTD, Chuncheon 24232, Korea;2.Korea Conformity Laboratories, Yeonsu, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-Y.R.); (S.L.);3.Aribio H&B CO.LTD, Yongin 16914, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (J.-K.K.);4.Department of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 21341, Korea;5.Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin, Seoul 05029, Korea; |
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Abstract: | Wild ginseng has better pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng. However, its industrialization is limited by the inability to grow wild ginseng on a large scale. Herein, we demonstrate how to optimize ginseng production through cultivation, and how to enhance the concentrations of specific ginsenosides through fermentation. In the study, we also evaluated the ability of fermented cultured wild ginseng root extract (HLJG0701-β) to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as its neuroprotective effects and antioxidant activity. In in vitro tests, HLJG0701-β inhibited AChE activity and exerted neuroprotective and antioxidant effects (showing increased catalyst activity but decreased reactive oxygen species concentration). In in vivo tests, after HLJG0701-β was orally administered at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg in an animal model of memory impairment, behavioral evaluation (Morris water maze test and Y-maze task test) was performed. The levels of AChE, acetylcholine (ACh), blood catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissues were measured. The results showed that HLJG0701-β produced the best results at a dose of 250 mg/kg or more. The neuroprotective mechanism of HLJG0701-β was determined to involve the inhibition of AChE activity and a decrease in oxidative stress. In summary, both in vitro and in vivo tests confirmed that HJG0701-β administration can lead to memory improvement. |
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Keywords: | cultured wild ginseng roots Pediococcus pentosaceus ginsenosides acetylcholinesterase memory deficit antioxidant |
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