Structural physical regularities of the mechanism and kinetics of the formation of piezoelectric and ferroelectric crystals from a liquid phase

The specific features of the kinetics of formation of noncentrosymmetric crystals from electrolyte solutions are investigated for approximately 50 salts of M-N electrolytes. The “solubility product-limiting solution supercooling” set {SP-ΔT _m } for noncentrosymmetric crystals is separated into nine characteristic taxons in which the regularities of formation and growth of crystals are revealed and compared. It is demonstrated that the minimum supercoolings ΔT _m are observed for solutions of crystals with weak “acentric” properties. Higher supercoolings ΔT _m are observed for solutions of noncentrosymmetric crystals that belong to potential ferroelastics and exhibit pronounced acentric properties. The proposed taxonomy of electrolytes makes it possible to predict the conditions for the growth of perfect crystals for fundamental and applied physics.