Multiple solid-phase microextraction of drugs from human urine |
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Authors: | E H M Koster I S Niemeijer G J de Jong |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, University Center for Pharmacy, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Summary The applicability of multiple solid-phase microextraction to the analysis of biological samples has been shown by extraction
of a variety of compounds from human urine. Multiple solid-phase microextraction, in which extraction and desorption are repeated
and analytes are collected at the head of the separation system before starting the analysis, has been combined with gas chromatography.
Amphetamine, lidocaine, procaine, and mepivacaine were extracted from buffered urine by direct immersion of a 100-μm polydimethylsiloxane-coated
fiber, to demonstrate that multiple SPME can be used for analytes with different extraction behavior. Multiple solid-phase
microextraction was optimized for high extraction yield or short extraction time. For example, the total sample-handling time
(extraction plus desorption) for the extraction of mepivacaine from urine can be reduced from approximately 60 min (one extraction)
to 33 min (three extractions) without reducing extraction yield. In addition, the extraction yield for mepivacaine can be
increased from 14.6% (one extraction) to 27.0% (five extractions) within the same total sample handling time of approximately
60 min. A good match between theoretical and experimental values was obtained. Chromatograms are shown to illustrate the usefulness
of the procedure. |
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Keywords: | Gas chromatography Solid-phase microextraction Biological samples Amphetamine lidocaine procaine and mepivacaine |
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