Measurement of carbonyls in exhaust gases of light-duty vehicles in China using pentafluorophenyl hydrazine derivatisation and GC/MS analysis |
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Authors: | Mi Zhou Daocheng Gong Di Zhu Hao Wang Lei Zhou Qing Feng |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Monitoring, Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China;2. Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;3. Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;4. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland |
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Abstract: | A method for determining carbonyl emissions from motor vehicles was developed in which exhaust gases from test vehicles running on a dynamometer are directly collected in 6-L Teflon bags and then introduced into pentafluorophenyl hydrazine -coated adsorbent tubes for derivatisation and subsequent analysis of generated derivatives by GC/MS. Twenty gasoline and LPG light-duty vehicles were sampled at a vehicle inspection station in Guangzhou, China, by running test vehicles over a transient testing cycle and analysed for carbonyls. Results show that the method can achieve a detection limit of 8–28 ng m?3 for individual carbonyls with a relative standard deviation of 14.5%. Twenty-four carbonyls were identified in the gasoline vehicle exhaust gases and their total concentration was 19.2 mg m?3. For the LPG vehicles, 20 carbonyls were found in the exhaust gases with a total concentration of 4.71 mg m?3. Based on the results, carbonyl emission factors for the gasoline and LPG vehicles were estimated to be 25.0 and 7.36 mg km?1, respectively. |
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Keywords: | motor vehicle emissions dynamometer testing carbonyl compounds simple transient test procedure pentafluorophenyl hydrazine |
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