Certified reference materials for the quality control of measurements in environmental monitoring

The monitoring and protection of the environment are based on measurement campaigns which cover long periods of time and large geographical areas. Only accurate analytical results allow valid conclusions to be drawn about a situation and its evolution. The use of certified reference materials (CRMS) permits verification of the accuracy of the measurements. The importance of accuracy and the way CRMs may be used are presented in this review. The production and properties required of a good CRM are discussed. An overview of the types of CRMs in the non-nuclear field, available for the monitoring of the environment, is also given.