Nature of light-absorbing pigments from Brazilian lichens identified by Raman spectroscopy |
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| Institution: | 1. NEEM – Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;2. NEQC – Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;3. GPQMAP – Grupo de Pesquisa em Química de Materiais Porosos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;4. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil;5. Centre for Astrobiology and Extremophile Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom;1. Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China;2. Hospital, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China;1. Faculdade de Educação Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará Quixadá, CE 63.900-000, Brazil;2. Deparamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60455-760, Brazil;3. Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, CEP 68.505-080 Marabá, PA, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Cariri, 63000-000 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil;1. Pharmaceutical & Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Light-absorbing pigments from different chemical classes have been identified from the lichens Usnea sp. and Crocodia aurata using Raman spectroscopy supported by quantum mechanical DFT calculations. Raman spectra were obtained directly from the lichen tissues as well as from isolated extracts. Usnic acid, a chemomarker of Usnea spp has been reported together with a minor constituent, namely stictic acid, which has been unambiguously identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis. The structures of calycin and pulvinic dilactone isolated from Crocodia aurata have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ubiquitous carotenoids have been characterized by FT-Raman and dispersive Raman microimaging in tissues of Usnea sp. and C. aurata, respectively. The Raman map has revealed the presence of a mixture of carotenoids heterogeneously distributed in the upper layer of C. aurata. In this work we have demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used to monitor aromatic and conjugated polyenic pigments in different layers of lichen tissues. |
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| Keywords: | Lichens Pigments Raman spectroscopy DFT calculation X-ray diffraction |
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