金属材料分析国内外标准中波长色散X射线荧光光谱法的应用

对国内外金属材料分析方法标准(包括ASTM、JIS、EN和GB)中应用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)的现状,从方法所涵盖的测定元素及其测定的含量范围以及谱线重叠和基体效应的校正等几个方面,并以钢铁分析中的应用为例作了评述。美国材料与试验协会在2012-2016年间先后发布了3个XRF标准方法,分别应用于铸铁、不锈钢、合金钢和低合金钢的分析,测定元素达13项,根据相关钢材的技术规格确定了各元素含量的测定范围。日本工业标准调查会于1997年并于2010年和2013年经修订公布了钢铁XRF分析法JIS标准,可测定各类钢材中主量、次量以及痕量元素达31项,其中镍、铁、钴和测定下限分别延伸至99.5%,50%和60%,从而使此方法有可能扩展应用于镍基、铁镍基和钴基高温合金的分析。我国先后于2007年和2018年由国家标准经主管部门颁布了XRF分析钢铁和高合金钢的两个标准,可测定这2类钢材中的元素为13项和11项,其测定含量范围系根据材料的技术规格确定。关于谱线重叠和基体效应的校正,各标准中在相关部分作了说明,而ASTM有两则独立标准专门论述这两个问题。在此评述对其他金属材料的XRF分析标准也作了介绍(引用文献15篇)。

On the Application of Wave-Length-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry to Some Domestic and Foreign Standards for Metal Analysis

A review on the present status of application of wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(abbrev.as XRF)to some international standards(including ASTM,JIS,EN and GB of China)for metal analysis,with respect to their scope of application,number of elements to be determined with their concentration ranges of determination,and to the corrections of errors due to overlapping of spectra and matrix effects,and taking the application to analysis of iron and steel as example,was given in this paper.Three analytical standards were given by ASTM in the years from 2012 to 2016 for analysis of cast iron,low alloy steel,stainless steel and alloy steel covering the determination of 13 elements with their concentration ranges in accordance with their technical specifications.JIS promulgated a standard for XRF analysis of iron and steel in 1997(and revised twice in 2010 and 2013),covering determination of 31 elements as major,mainor or trace components,and giving the upper limits of determination of(mass fraction)99.5%,50% and 60%for niskel iron and cobalt respectively,thus making it possible to be applied to the analysis of Ni-based,Fe-Ni based and Co-based alloys.Two GB standards were published in China in 2007 and 2018 for XRF analysis of iron and steel and of high alloy steel for determination of 13 and 11 elements in these 2 kinds of steel respectively,with concentration ranges of determination specified by their technical qualifications.Separate standards relating to corrections for spectraoverlapping and matrix effects were given by ASTM,while in JIS and GB standards,the respective contents were described in the related sections of the standards.Applications of XRF to the standards for analysis of metals and alloys other than iron and steel were also given briefly in the review(15 ref.cited).