专业导向的基础力学课程教学初探

目前国内大多高校的工科专业本科生的基础力学课程由力学系教师承担,后续专业课则由各工科专业学院教师承担。基础力学教师的教学工作量繁重,课程学时紧张,基础力学课程不得不采用教师全堂讲述式的大班制,讲授也并不区分学生专业。基础力学教学任务繁重、基础力学和专业课程教师分属不同学院、力学教师本身对工程专业不见得了解深入等客观因素都制约着基础力学课程与后续专业课程的有机衔接和融合,学生对力学概念理解不够准确、记忆不够深是基础力学学习较为普遍的问题。作者基于近十年的为工程力学专业和土木工程专业本科生教授材料力学/工程力学的教学实践,结合在担任学校教学督导四年的时间里在听土木、机械等工科专业的各门专业课时与学生和教师交流得到的教学一线信息,对基础力学课程教学如何服务好人才培养的目标进行了思考,并对以学生专业为导向的基础力学课程教学进行了实践和初步探索。

MAJOR-ORIENTED TEACHING OF FUNDAMENTAL MECHANICS COURSES

The teaching load of lecturers in Dept. of Mechanics of most Chinese universities is usually very heavy due to the arrangement that they have to teach fundamental mechanics courses for all other engineering majors. In view of the new requirements of reduced teaching hours with the contents and the level of knowledge unchanged, cramming teaching to large classes (often over 100 students) seems to be the only choice for most fundamental mechanics course lecturers. In addition, the lecturers may not necessarily understand well the engineering fields of the students of other majors, as their own major is normally mechanics and the communication with teachers at other engineering departments may not be easy, so that they normally teach same things to students of different engineering majors, lack of coherent and integration, lack of long-term retention, without appropriate concepts and ability of applications of fundamental mechanics to their engineering problems. Based on ten years of first-hand teaching experience and discussions with teachers and students from civil and mechanical engineering, the author has adopted a major-oriented teaching of fundamental mechanics courses and presented here in this paper the method and its application.