二次离子电池高比容量负极碳载体的研究进展

二次离子电池商业化负极石墨的比容量已接近理论比容量. 合金型负极和金属负极因具有高比容量而受到广泛关注, 但其循环性能差和安全性问题限制了实际应用, 据此提出载体设计策略. 碳材料具有来源广泛、 易于调控等特性, 常用作二次离子电池高比容量负极的载体. 本文从碳载体的孔结构、 比表面积、 电子导电率、 离子导电率、 杂原子掺杂和界面修饰的角度出发, 综述了其在硅基、 磷基、 锗基、 锡基负极以及金属锂、 钠等负极中的研究进展, 展望了碳载体的发展前景和方向.

Research Progress of Carbon Frameworks with High Specific Capacity Anode in Secondary Ion Batteries

Graphite has been widely used as the commercial anode of secondary ion batteries. Its current specific capacity nearly reaches to its theoretical value， which cannot satisfy the requirements of high-performance batteries. The anodes with high specific capacity， such as the metal in IA group as well as the elements in IVA or VA group， have attracted enormous attention， but the poor cycle performance and safety issues restrict their practical application. As a result， the framework-design strategy has been put forward. Carbon materials are the promising frameworks for the high specific capacity anodes of secondary ion batteries because of their extensive sources and adjustable properties. This paper reviews the applications of carbon frameworks in silicon-， phosphorus-， germanium- and tin-based anodes as well as Li and Na metal anodes from the aspects of pore structure， specific surface area， electronic conductivity， ion conductivity， heteroatom doping and interface modification， and puts forward the outlook for the development of carbon supports.