水滑石基催化剂催化合成碳纳米材料的研究进展

碳纳米材料是一类推动能源存储、 多相催化、 高性能复合和生物医药等领域发展的重要材料, 可控合成碳纳米材料对相关领域的发展具有重要意义. 水滑石(LDHs)材料具有层板金属种类及含量可调等特点, 经焙烧、 还原后可制备出金属种类、 密度和粒径分布各异的高分散、 高稳定金属纳米催化剂, 可实现高效催化生长各种类型的碳纳米材料. 此外, 通过调控反应条件和反应器等, 可以影响LDHs基金属纳米催化剂催化生长的碳纳米材料的结构和性能. 本文总结了LDHs基金属纳米催化剂的可控制备、 碳纳米材料结构调控以及利用LDHs基催化剂制备的碳纳米材料的应用等方面的研究工作, 并阐明了催化剂的可控制备是控制合成碳纳米材料的核心手段, 这为利用LDHs基催化剂进一步合成更高性能碳纳米材料的研究指明了方向. 此外, 本文还结合近些年在光、 电及光热催化方面的研究进展, 展望了基于新型LDHs纳米结构生长碳纳米材料的研究前景.

Research Progress of Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Layered Double Hydroxide-based Catalysts

Carbon nanomaterials are a class of functional materials that provide a robust platform in the deve-lopment of energy storage， heterogeneous catalysis， high-performance compounding， biomedicine， and other fields. Therefore， the effective control of synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is of great significance to the deve-lopment of related fields. Layered double hydroxide with the precisely-controlled both type and content of host layer metal cations can form metal nanocatalysts with high dispersion and high stability in different types， densities and particle size distributions after roasting and reduction. The obtained metal nanocatalysts can be further applied to the efficient catalytic growth of various types of carbon nanomaterials. In addition， the factors such as reaction conditions and reactors also have an effect on LDH-based metal nanocatalysts-catalyzed growth of carbon nanomaterials. This article summarizes the research work in the field of LDH-based metal nanocatalysts preparing carbon nanomaterials from the aspects of the controllable preparation of catalysts， the structure regulation of carbon nanomaterials， and the application of carbon nanomaterials prepared by LDH-based catalysts， and clarifies that the controllable preparation of catalysts is the core means for the controlled synthesis of carbon nanomaterials， which points out the direction for the next step of LDH-based catalyst controlled synthesis of higher performance carbon nanomaterials. In addition， this article also combines the progress of scientific research in recent years in the fields of light， electricity， as well as photothermal catalysis， and looks forward to the research prospects of growing carbon nanomaterials based on new LDHs nanostructures.