Finite-time quantum thermodynamic processes

We study a single quantum object subject to a parametrized distortion of its discrete spectrum and to a parametrized change of its state, which remains diagonal in its invariant energy eigenbasis. The Carnot and the Otto cycle are investigated in the quasistatic as well as in the dynamic (finite time) regime. The second law is found to be valid as a result of this control, irrespective of the type of attractor states chosen. For specific control functions analytical results are obtained for the work, heat, and efficiency. The influence of dissipation is discussed.