基于点光源的迈克耳孙干涉实验条纹的机理分析

一般国内的大学物理和大学物理实验教材都只介绍干涉圆条纹和直线干涉条纹，用迈克耳孙干涉仪可以调制出椭圆和双曲线干涉条纹；但对条纹形成的理论推导很少涉及．本文根据点光源双光束干涉理论，分析基于点光源照明的迈克耳孙干涉实验中所产生的各种可能的干涉条纹：双曲线形干涉条纹、圆形干涉纹、椭圆形干涉纹及直线形干涉纹的形成条件．本文也对等倾干涉条纹、等厚干涉条纹与既非等倾也非等厚干涉条纹的机理进行分析和比较．通过对每一种干涉图样的解析分析和比较，旨在对迈克耳孙干涉实验有更全面和更深刻的了解．

MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF THE FRINGES IN MICHELSON INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT WITH POINT LIGHT SOURCES

Generally, the domestic college physics curriculum and experimental teaching materials only introduce the circular interference fringes and the linear interference fringes. In these teaching materials, there is no deal with the elliptical interference fringes and hyperbolic interference fringes due to Michelson interference experiment, and no analysis about the conditions of generated interference patterns. This paper analyses and compares the various interference patterns included the hyperbolic interference fringes, the circular interference fringes, elliptical interference fringes and linear interference. It also analyses and compares the equal inchination interference fringes and equal inclination interference fringes with general interference fringes. This paper aims to facilitate a more comprehensive and more profound understanding of Michelson interference experiment, by analytical analysis and comparison of all kinds ofthe possible interference patterns generated by the point light sources based on the wave theory.