石墨碳纳米材料光学性质在生化传感领域的应用

石墨碳纳米材料因其特殊的光学性质而受到广泛关注。石墨碳纳米材料最引人注目的光学性质之一是其独特的拉曼性质,作为拉曼探针,石墨碳纳米材料在对于复杂生物样品,极端测试条件和定量拉曼检测方面都有很好的应用;除了拉曼性质以外,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)独特的近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1700 nm)荧光性质,具有穿透深度大、分辨率高的荧光成像特点,在生物活体成像领域也得到了很好的应用。除了光致发光特性,石墨碳纳米材料还具有优异的光热转换效应,同时具有比表面积大的特点,被广泛应用在针对肿瘤的热疗及其它疗法协同治疗当中。除此之外,石墨碳纳米材料还是一种高效的信号传导基底,可以猝灭激发态的染料和光敏剂,利用该类性质设计的生物传感器和纳米药物,显现出高灵敏、高选择性的特点。本文主要结合本课题组的工作,总结和探讨了石墨碳纳米材料作为光学探针、光热材料和信号传递基底在生化传感领域的应用。

Applications of Graphitic Nanomaterial's Optical Properties in Biochemical Sensing

Graphitic nanomaterials, which possess unique optical properties, have attracted significant attention in biochemical sensing. Herein, we summarize and discuss recent progress of such materials as optical probes, photothermal materials and signal transduction substrates for biosensing applications. The most attractive optical property of graphitic nanomaterials is their strong and unique Raman signals. As a Raman probe, these nanomaterials have remarkable applications, especially in detecting complex biological samples, quantitative surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection and detection under extreme conditions. Besides Raman, the unique intrinsic fluorescence emission of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the long wavelength and second near-infrared window (NIR-II window, 1000-1700 nm) has facilitated deep-tissue high-resolution fluorescence imaging in vivo. Additionally, graphitic nanomaterials have efficient photothermal conversion capability. Together with the large surface area, graphitic nanomaterials are used in photothermal synergy therapy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, because of their particular physical and chemical properties, graphitic nanomaterials are established as an efficient signal transduction substrate, which can quench an excited chromophore and photosensitizer, showing high selectivity and sensitivity in biosensing and nanomedicine.