磷酸钒钠Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3电化学储能研究进展

锂离子电池在全球范围内的广泛应用加剧了对锂资源的消耗,其成本和原料将限制其未来发展。钠与锂具有相似物理化学性质,并且储量丰富。根据锂离子"摇椅式"电池原理,富钠离子化合物可类似富锂离子正极材料,提供可脱嵌的钠离子及结构。钠离子较锂离子大,其可逆脱嵌反应要求材料结构具有较大的容钠位与离子迁移通道。聚阴离子体磷酸钒钠Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3属于钠离子超导体(NASICON)材料,其NASICON结构骨架形成了稳定的容钠位,并且开放的三维离子迁移通道利于提高钠离子的扩散。Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3作为电池正极材料,具有理想的比容量、电压平台与循环稳定性,从而受到了广泛关注。本文首先介绍了Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3结构特点,其次结合团队已有的工作基础对Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3在钠离子电池、混合离子电池、水系电池,混合超级电容器等体系中的应用与反应机理进行了阐述;总结了基于Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3设计的复合材料与结构并探讨了Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3可能存在的问题与未来发展趋势。

Progress in the Investigation and Application of Na3V2(PO4)3 for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Lithium ion batteries (LiBs) have been widely utilized, but the limited lithium resource restricts development and application of LiBs in large-scale energy storage. Sodium has similar physicochemical characteristics to that of lithium and is suitable to transfer between two electrodes as a cation in the "rocking chair" mechanism of LiBs. Na-containing compounds have been proposed as the electrodes to store sodium ions and provide channels for diffusion. Polyanion Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is a Na-super-ionic conductor (NASICON) with specific Na sites in its crystal structure and three-dimensional open channels. Recently, Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been demonstrated as potential electrode material with promising properties for energy storage. In this review we systematically summarize the structure of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃, the application and mechanism in a specific energy system, and the recent development of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ structure for use as electrodes. The potential problems and trends of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ are also discussed.