岩体卸荷与水电工程

根据20世纪70年代以来我国西南山区大型水电工程实践,讨论了水电工程建设中岩体卸荷的地质现象和工程地质问题。文中介绍了我国工程地质界对岩体卸荷现象的认识过程和工程应用实践,提出以卸荷裂隙力学机制类型作为卸荷带划分的参照依据,并以典型实例对岸坡中在正常卸荷带以里出现的深裂缝及深卸荷问题作了探讨,提出我国深裂缝和深卸荷的力学机制基本模式。结合实例,讨论了岩体卸荷在水电工程实践应用中的一些问题。

ROCK MASS UNLOADING IN HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT

The geological phenomenon of rock-mass unloading and its engineering geological problems during the hydroelectric project construction are discussion in this paper. The discussion is based on the engineering practices of many high dam construction projects in the mountainous area of south-west China over last 40 years. The process of cognitive on the rock-mass unloading geological phenomena and engineering practice experience in the engineering geology area of this country are introducing briefly. A systematic rock mass relaxed zone according to the mechanistic mechanism types of unloading fissures is suggested. The relaxed fissures and depth unloading zone can be discovered behind the normal unloading zone. This zone is named as a "depth fissures and depth relaxed zone". It is also discussed on the basis of a series typical examples. A mechanistic mechanism model for the "depth fissures and depth relaxed zone" is suggested. Some practice problems of hydroelectric project construction in connection with rock-mass unloading are discussed too.