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Improvement of organic solar cells by flexible substrate and ITO surface treatments
Authors:Yuang-Tung Cheng  Chien-Kun Wang  Chih-Chiang Lu  Jhen-Liang Nain  Chiu-Cheng Chang
Institution:a Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
b Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195 Chung Hsing Rd., 4 Sec. Chu Tung, Hsin Chu 31061, Taiwan
c Risk Management Chair Professor, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
d Device Research Lab, Electrical Eng., University of California, LA, CA 90095, USA
Abstract:In this paper, surface treatments on polyethylene terephthalate with polymeric hard coating (PET-HC) substrates are described. The effect of the contact angle on the treatment is first investigated. It has been observed that detergent is quite effective in removing organic contamination on the flexible PET-HC substrates. Next, using a DC-reactive magnetron sputter, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films of 90 nm are grown on a substrate treated by detergent. Then, various ITO surface treatments are made for improving the performance of the finally developed organic solar cells with structure Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/PET. It is found that the parameters of the ITO including resistivity, carrier concentration, transmittance, surface morphology, and work function depended on the surface treatments and significantly influence the solar cell performance. With the optimal conditions for detergent treatment on flexible PET substrates, the ITO film with a resistivity of 5.6 × 10−4 Ω cm and average optical transmittance of 84.1% in the visible region are obtained. The optimal ITO surface treated by detergent for 5 min and then by UV ozone for 20 min exhibits the best WF value of 5.22 eV. This improves about 8.30% in the WF compared with that of the untreated ITO film. In the case of optimal treatment with the organic photovoltaic device, meanwhile, 36.6% enhancement in short circuit current density (Jsc) and 92.7% enhancement in conversion efficiency (η) over the untreated solar cell are obtained.
Keywords:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)  Flexible solar cells  Indium tin oxide (ITO)  Work function  Conversion efficiencies
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