A damage directional constitutive model for Mullins effect with permanent set and induced anisotropy |
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Affiliation: | 1. Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie e.V., Eupener Str. 33, 30519 Hannover, Germany;2. Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Unversität Hannover, Germany |
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Abstract: | A stress softening, commonly known as the Mullins effect, is observed usually in filled rubberlike materials after the first load. Experimental observations have shown that the Mullins effect induces a permanent set and some anisotropy. In order to account for these two features, a strain energy density is proposed, which is based on material directions and coupled with a theory for network alteration. The constitutive law is based on a macromolecular approach, and the network alteration theory is motivated physically. The model has been compared to experimental data successfully. |
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