Control of multi-joint arm movements for the manipulation of touch in keystroke by expert pianists |
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| Authors: | Shinichi Furuya Eckart Altenmüller Haruhiro Katayose Hiroshi Kinoshita |
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| Affiliation: | (1) School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan;(2) Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians Medicine, Hanover University of Music and Drama, Hanover, Germany;(3) School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan;(4) Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Background Production of a variety of finger-key touches in the piano is essential for expressive musical performance. However, it remains unknown how expert pianists control multi-joint finger and arm movements for manipulating the touch. The present study investigated differences in kinematics and kinetics of the upper-limb movements while expert pianists were depressing a key with two different touches: pressed and struck. The former starts key-depression with the finger-tip contacting the key, whereas the latter involves preparatory arm-lift before striking the key. To determine the effect of individual muscular torque (MUS) as well as non-muscular torques on joint acceleration, we performed a series of inverse and forward dynamics computations. |
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